AI-ASSISTED emotion analysis during complementary feeding in infants aged 6-11 months.

This study aims to explore AI-assisted emotion assessment in infants aged 6-11 months during complementary feeding using OpenFace to analyze the Actions Units (AUs) within the Facial Action Coding system. When infants (n = 98) were exposed to a diverse range of food groups; meat, cow-milk, vegetable, grain, and dessert products, favorite, and disliked food, then video recordings were analyzed for emotional responses to these food groups, including surprise, sadness, happiness, fear, anger, and disgust. Time-averaged filtering was performed for the intensity of AUs. Facial expression to different food groups were compared with neutral states by Wilcoxon Singed test. The majority of the food groups did not significantly differ from the neutral emotional state. Infants exhibited high disgust responses to meat and anger reactions to yogurt compared to neutral. Emotional responses also varied between breastfed and non-breastfed infants. Breastfed infants showed heightened negative emotions, including fear, anger, and disgust, when exposed to certain food groups while non-breastfed infants displayed lower surprise and sadness reactions to their favorite foods and desserts. Further longitudinal research is needed to gain a comprehensive understanding of infants' emotional experiences and their associations with feeding behaviors and food acceptance.

Executive function, behavioral problems, and insulin resistance in adolescents with obesity.

OBJECTIVES: In this study, we examined executive function (EF) abilities, behavioral and emotional (BE) issues, and overall quality of life (QoL) of adolescents with obesity and compared them with a control group and also aimed to investigate whether the presence of insulin resistance (IR) is associated with these problems. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included a sample of 50 adolescents aged 11-18 years with obesity and age- and gender-matched 50 normal weight adolescents who had attended and were treated at the pediatric outpatient clinic. Sociodemographic data were collected through personal interviews with the adolescents and their parents. Measurements of the height and weight, fasting blood glucose, and insulin levels of all adolescents were assessed. In addition, the participants and their parents completed the Kiddo-KINDL, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and the Behavior Rating Inventory Scale from Executive Function. RESULTS: Of the 50 adolescents with obesity, 27 (54.0 %) were girls, and 23 (46.0 %) were boys, with a mean age of 14.06 ± 1.83 years. Adolescents with obesity have more EF deficiencies, BE difficulties, more problems in peer relationships and lower QoL scores than those without obesity. The QoL was worse in girls, adolescents with obesity, and those with IR. Adolescents with obesity and those with and without IR did not differ about EF deficiencies and BE problems. CONCLUSIONS: Addressing these EF deficits and BE problems in interventions for adolescents who have difficulty adapting to lifestyle changes, an essential part of obesity treatment in clinical practice, may contribute to treatment success.

Elevated amylase and lipase levels in patients with DKA followed in the pediatric intensive care unit.

OBJECTIVES: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening acute metabolic decompensation condition due to insulin deficiency and elevation of pancreatic enzymes is common. The goal of this study was to determine the laboratory findings and biochemical characteristics associated with pancreatic enzyme elevation during DKA. METHODS: The files of patients hospitalized in the pediatric intensive care unit with the diagnosis of DKA between March 2020 and 2022 were reviewed retrospectively. Demographic data, length of stay at hospital, initial biochemistry, hemogram, blood gas values, amylase, and lipase in the first 24 h were noted. Those with elevated amylase and/or lipase values were grouped. Patients were grouped according to the severity of DKA. These groups were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: Amylase and/or lipase were found to be elevated in 21 (28%) of diagnosed with DKA. pH and HCO3 were significantly lower, length of stay in the intensive care unit, and triglyceride levels were significantly higher in patients with high amylase and/or lipase when compared with the control group (p<0.05). Although lipase values have a negative correlation with blood gas parameters and a positive correlation with TG and cholesterol values, correlation degree was found to be weak (p<0.05). Lipase was significantly higher in the severe diabetic ketoacidosis group than the moderate group (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Elevations in amylase and lipase values can be encountered frequently in patients with DKA. Considering that the metabolic deterioration due to DKA may have an effect on this, we recommend that the patient should be followed closely and the enzyme level should be monitored intermittently.

Evaluation of Neurodevelopment Using Bayley-III in Children with Cyanotic or Hemodynamically Impaired Congenital Heart Disease.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare neurological development of children with cyanotic or hemodynamically impaired congenital heart disease (CHD) and healthy controls by using "Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development Screening Test, Third Edition" (Bayley-III). PATIENTS: Children with CHD (n = 37) and healthy controls (n = 24) aged between 1 and 41 months who were admitted to the Department of Pediatric Cardiology at our university hospital were included. The participants were assessed using Bayley-III test. All patients had cyanotic or hemodynamically impaired CHD. Weight, height, body mass index (BMI), mid-arm circumference (MAC), triceps skinfold thickness (TSF), and head circumference (HC) were measured and standard deviation scores (SDSs) were determined. RESULTS: SDS values of weight, height, BMI, MAC, and TSF of the patients as well as HC values were significantly lower than the control group (P < .001). Compared with controls, the patients had significantly lower mean scores in all Bayley-III subscales (P < .001). We observed similar results in Bayley-III scores including the mean values of cognitive, language, and global motor scores for the CHD patients with and without cardiac surgery (P > .05). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that children with cyanotic or hemodynamically impaired CHD have delayed neurodevelopmental outcomes compared with healthy children as assessed using Bayley-III.